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Dec 24, 2021
Outdoor nativity scene in Assisi, the birthplace of precepi
In early December new figures begin to appear in the piazze, shops, and churches throughout Italy. The familiar nativity setting is recognizable with the Infant Jesus, Mary, and Joseph, joined by lambs, oxen, magi, and shepherds. The buildings are lit from within, and the the colors and textures draw you near for finer inspection. You can see the grain of the stone walls and wrinkles in clothing. The roofs are of familiar terracotta tile. Your close look reveals that one of the shepherds is a pizzaiolo and another is a familiar politician. There is a fisherman and even a cafe waitress tucked into the ensemble.
Pastori in Naples
The tradition of presepi, nativity scenes, is credited to Saint Francis of Assisi. In 1223 the lover of animals assembled a live re-enactment of the nativity in a cave in Greccio, a village midway between Rome and Assisi. Townspeople along with a donkey, ox, and wax statue of the Infant Jesus recreated the event in a cave, with local shepherds in nearby fields playing their role. Francis then delivered mass to all who had come to observe.
Figurines in the San Gregorio Armeno quarter of Naples
The success of the first precepio led to churches all around Italy and southern France adopting the tradition. Artisans in Naples became known for the elaborate detail and painting of their works. They sculpted figures from marble, terracotta, wood, and forgiving cartapesta. The statues were painted with bright colors, adorned with glass, and even covered in gold leaf. In time smaller figurines were produced and they made their appearance in homes and shops.
Precepe on the canal, Emilia Romagna
Each statuette falls into the category of presepi or pastori. Presepi are the traditional figures of the Holy Family, magi, shepherds, and sheep. The pastori are recognizable townspeople: the village baker, farmers and peasants, beggars, a fish seller. The modern ensemble includes everyone together, the Family, visitors, angels, villagers, and animals, all in a cascade of light and color. What a perfect scene to remember the meaning of Christmas!
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